A Taste of Scotland: The Rich History and Varieties of Scottish Cheese

A Taste of Scotland: The Rich History and Varieties of Scottish Cheese

Scotland is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, historic castles, and, of course, its culinary delights. While Scottish whisky and haggis often take the spotlight, the country’s cheese-making tradition is an equally important part of its gastronomic heritage. From creamy blues to robust cheddars, Scottish cheese offers a diverse array of flavours and textures that reflect the rich agricultural landscape of this beautiful country. Let’s explore the history and varieties of Scottish cheese, and discover what makes it a true delight for cheese lovers around the world.

The History of Scottish Cheese

Early Cheese-Making Traditions

The history of cheese-making in Scotland dates back thousands of years, to the time when ancient Celtic tribes inhabited the region. Cheese was a staple in the Scottish diet as far back as 2000 BC, a testament to the resourcefulness of early inhabitants who utilized the abundant milk from their cattle, sheep, and goats. These early cheeses were simple, made primarily from whole milk that was allowed to sour naturally before being curdled and pressed.

The Influence of Monasteries

During the medieval period, cheese-making in Scotland was significantly influenced by the establishment of monasteries. Monks, skilled in various agricultural practices, developed and refined cheese-making techniques, resulting in more sophisticated and flavourful cheeses. They introduced new methods, such as aging and curing, which enhanced the quality and variety of Scottish cheese.

The Rise of Artisan Cheese-Making

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, industrialization and the rise of large-scale dairy farming led to a decline in traditional cheese-making practices. However, in recent decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in artisanal cheese-making in Scotland. This revival has been driven by a growing demand for locally produced, high-quality cheeses that showcase the unique flavours of the Scottish countryside.

Varieties of Scottish Cheese

Scotland’s diverse geography, with its lush pastures and temperate climate, provides ideal conditions for cheese-making. Here are some of the most notable varieties of Scottish cheese that highlight the country’s cheese-making prowess:

1. Crowdie

• Description: Crowdie is a soft, fresh cheese with a crumbly texture and a slightly tangy flavour. It is traditionally made from skimmed milk, making it a low-fat cheese option.
• History: Crowdie is one of Scotland’s oldest cheeses, dating back to the Viking era. It was traditionally made at home and served as a staple food for crofters (small-scale farmers) in the Highlands.
• Uses: Crowdie is often enjoyed as a spread on oatcakes or bread, and it pairs well with smoked salmon or fresh herbs.

2. Caboc

• Description: Caboc is a rich, buttery cheese with a soft, creamy texture. It is coated in toasted oatmeal, which adds a nutty flavour and a crunchy contrast to the smooth cheese.
• History: Caboc is believed to be Scotland’s oldest cheese, with origins tracing back to the 15th century. It was originally made by the Clan MacDonald and was considered a delicacy for the Scottish nobility.
• Uses: Caboc is typically served as an appetizer or dessert cheese, often accompanied by oatcakes or fruit.

3. Lanark Blue

• Description: Lanark Blue is a sheep’s milk cheese with a robust flavour and a creamy, crumbly texture. It is similar to French Roquefort, with blue veins running throughout the cheese.
• History: Lanark Blue was created in the 1980s by Humphrey Errington, a pioneering Scottish cheese-maker who sought to revive traditional cheese-making techniques using local ingredients.
• Uses: Lanark Blue is a versatile cheese that can be used in salads, melted over steak, or enjoyed on its own with a glass of whisky.

4. Isle of Mull Cheddar

• Description: Isle of Mull Cheddar is a raw cow’s milk cheese with a sharp, tangy flavour and a firm, crumbly texture. It is known for its distinctive orange colour, which comes from the addition of annatto, a natural colouring agent.
• History: Produced by the Reade family on Sgriob-ruadh Farm, Isle of Mull Cheddar is made using traditional methods and matured for up to 18 months to develop its complex flavour.
• Uses: This cheddar is ideal for grating over dishes, pairing with chutneys, or enjoying with a robust red wine or Scotch whisky.

5. Strathdon Blue

• Description: Strathdon Blue is a creamy, blue-veined cheese with a mild, tangy flavour. It has a soft, spreadable texture that makes it perfect for spreading on crackers or bread.
• History: Made by the Highland Fine Cheeses company, Strathdon Blue has gained a reputation for its balanced flavour and high quality, winning several awards in cheese competitions.
• Uses: Strathdon Blue is excellent in salads, on a cheese board, or as a topping for burgers and steaks.

6. Orkney Smoked Cheddar

• Description: Orkney Smoked Cheddar is a smooth, creamy cheese with a subtle smoky flavour. It is made from cow’s milk and naturally smoked over whisky barrel chips, imparting a unique aroma.
• History: Produced in the Orkney Islands, this cheese is part of a long tradition of cheese-making in the region, known for its high-quality dairy products.
• Uses: Orkney Smoked Cheddar is delicious in sandwiches, on cheeseboards, or melted into dishes like macaroni and cheese.

7. Anster

• Description: Anster is a traditional farmhouse cheese made from raw cow’s milk. It has a crumbly texture and a fresh, citrusy flavour with a hint of sea salt.
• History: Produced by the St. Andrews Farmhouse Cheese Company in Fife, Anster is made using a recipe that has been passed down through generations.
• Uses: Anster is perfect for crumbling over salads, pairing with fresh fruit, or enjoying with a crisp white wine.

Conclusion

Scottish cheese, with its rich history and diverse flavours, offers a delightful journey through the country’s culinary heritage. From the ancient traditions of crowdie and caboc to the modern innovations of artisanal cheese-makers, Scotland’s cheese scene is a testament to the skill and passion of its producers. Whether you’re a cheese connoisseur or a curious newcomer, exploring Scottish cheese is an adventure that promises to tantalize the taste buds and deepen your appreciation for this iconic food.

Next time you visit Scotland, be sure to sample these remarkable cheeses (perhaps on our old town tour) and discover the unique flavours that make Scottish cheese a true delight. Pair them with local oatcakes, a dram of whisky, or a glass of wine for an authentic taste of Scotland’s rich gastronomic tradition. Slàinte mhath!